Muslims believe that their Holy Book, the Qur'an, is the direct word of Allah, revealed to the Prophet Mohammed in Makkah via the Angel Gabriel when he was 40 years old. Abraham, Moses and Jesus), the Day of Judgement and Predestination.
In addition, Muslims have six pillars of faith: faith in Allah and the Angels, the Holy Book (the Old and New Testaments are considered to be Holy Books, but the Holy Qur'an is believed by Muslims to be their only Holy Book, and the only source of Islam), the Messengers and Prophets (e.g. The four other pillars are: prayer (five times a day), fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, giving alms (2.5% when the money a person has reaches a quorum, and when one year has passed), and pilgrimage to Mecca, the Holy City, once in one's lifetime. These laws are based on the belief that there is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is His messenger. Muslims believe that one should surrender to the will of God by obeying the laws and commandments of Allah (the Arabic name for God). The word Islam means submission to God's will. Islam is considered one of the three main religions in the world. Throughout this paper, the term ‘disadvantaged people’ is used, as is stated in the Qur'an when referring to individuals with a disability. Indeed, an in-depth look into the notion of disability in Islam will help in understanding the development of special needs services within the context of Islamic culture. Finally, cultural differences in terms of applying Islamic values within the context of disability will be examined from three different cultural perspectives – Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Brunei Darussalam – as it is difficult to distinguish between the cultural and religious practices of Muslim people in each respective country (MWSC, 2006). This will be followed by an illustration of Islam's perspective on disabled people. This is because providing an account of the principles and practices of Islam is crucial in order to help understand how people's behaviour towards individuals with a disability is shaped. It is essential to provide a clearer picture and a deeper understanding of Islam in general. This paper, then, deals with Islam and disability. There is a pressing need to study the Islamic perspective on disability, as well as the impact of local culture on this issue. As most Islamic countries are considered to be developing, and most people are religious in these countries, there is a huge overlap between local cultural values and religious ones. It is estimated that there are 650 million individuals who are disabled as a result of mental, physical, and sensory impairments (United Nations, 2006), and approximately one-third are children in developing countries with little or no access to education (World Bank, 2007). Dissatisfaction with the medical model led to a shift in considering disability as located mainly within the child, to focus more on social factors and the cultural reproduction of inequalities within society (Barton, 1981 Tomlinson, 1982).
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